I've been using Gmail's Priority Inbox for a while now. I like it very much. But it has one impact that is worth pointing out.
If your email gets into the third section of the main page, called "Everything Else", I most likely won't see it unless I see it on my Android phone. And hopefully Google is working on bringing Priority Inbox to Android. When that happens, I won't ever see it.
Everything Else is like the spam folder with one exception. The email will come up in the search results.
This may not be everyone's use case. I get a lot of email and I can't get to all of it regardless of what email client I use. Other Priority Inbox users might actually read through Everything Else. But I don't and can't.
Google has solved a huge problem for me and potentially created a huge problem for emailers.
The email deliverability business, where we have an investment in the market leader Return Path, will be impacted by Priority Inbox and related services. Deliverability will increasingly mean getting into the Priority Inbox. And that's a hard thing to do.